I cannot contradict your assertions about possible reversal of causality because I do not know enough about the historical facts.

Being a person of color, however, at end of the day the outcome is the same — racism which only can be explicit within context of competition for opportunities or resources. School districting of course makes social racism very easy in today’s America. Given barriers to entry into school districts are primarily economic, however, social racism is primarily overt or implicit.

Thanks for taking the time to respond.